Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked, largely mountainous country in Central Asia, bordered by China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The population of slightly above six million is predominately young. Kyrgyzstan is a lower-middle-income economy, with per capita gross national income of $1,170 in 2015. Its 0.655 human development index ranking classifies it as a medium human development country. 2. Since independence in 1991, Kyrgyzstan has undergone complex social, economic, and political changes, including two uprisings, in 2005 and 2010, which overthrew authoritarian regimes. The new constitution adopted in June 2010 established Kyrgyzstan as a parliamentary democracy.